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Rabu, 09 Mei 2012

Radiographic Positioning

Upper Extremities


Finger - PA / AP
Finger - Oblique
Finger - Lateral

Thumb - PA/AP
Thumb - Oblique
Thumb - Lateral

Hand - PA
Hand - Oblique
Hand - Lateral
Hand - Lateral (Fan)
Hand - Oblique (Ballcatchers)
Hand - AP Axial (Brewerton's)
Hand - Bone Age

Wrist - PA
Wrist - Oblique (Internal Rotation)
Wrist - Oblique (External Rotation)
Wrist - Lateral
Wrist - Lateral (Flexion)
Wrist - Lateral (Extension)
Wrist - Carpal Tunnel / Canal
Wrist - Carpal Bridge
Wrist - PA (Ulnar Deviation)
Wrist - PA (Radial Deviation)
Wrist - PA (Clenched Fist)

Scaphoid - PAScaphoid - PA Axial
Scaphoid - PA (Ulnar deviation)
Scaphoid - PA (Radial deviation)
Scaphoid - Oblique (Ulnar deviation)
Scaphoid - Lateral

Forearm - AP
Forearm - Lateral

Elbow - AP
Elbow - External Oblique (Lateral Rotation)
Elbow - Internal Oblique (Medial Rotation)
Elbow - Lateral
Elbow - Radial Head
Elbow - AP (Partial Flexion)
Elbow - Acute Flexion

Humerus - AP
Humerus - Lateral
Humerus - Transthoracic Lateral
Humerus - Intertubercular Groove


Lower Extremities


Toes - DP
Toes - Oblique (DPO)
Toes - Lateral
Sesamoids - Axial
Sesamoids - Oblique

Foot - DP
Foot - Medial Oblique
Foot - Lateral Oblique
Foot - Lateral


Foot - DP Weight Bearing
Foot - Lateral Weight Bearing
Foot - DP Composite Weight Bearing

Calcaneus - Axial
Calcaneus - Lateral
Calcaneus - Lateromedial Oblique

Ankle - AP
Ankle - Oblique (Mortise)
Ankle - Oblique (Internal Rotation)
Ankle - Oblique (External Rotation)
Ankle - Lateral
Ankle - Stress Projections

Subtalar Jt - PA Axial Oblique (Anthosens)
Subtalar Jt - AP Axial Oblique - Medial Rotation
Subtalar Jt - AP Axial Oblique - Lateral Rotation
Subtalar Jt - Lateromedial Oblique (Isherwood)
Subtalar Jt - AP Axial Oblique Medial (Isherwood)
Subtalar Jt - AP Axial Oblique Lateral (Isherwood)

Tibia / Fibula - AP
Tibia / Fibula - Lateral
Tibia / Fibula - Oblique (Medial / Lateral Rotation)

Knee - AP
Knee - Rolled Lateral
Knee - Horizontal Ray Lateral
Knee - Skyline
(Tangential, Axial, Sunrise)
Knee - Intercondylar (AP Axial)
Knee - Intercondylar (PA Axial) (Camp-Coventry)
Knee - Intercondylar (PA Axial) (Holmblad)
Knee - Oblique (Lateral Rotation)
Knee - Oblique (Medial Rotation)

Knee - AP Bilateral Weightbearing
Knee - PA Bilateral Weightbearing (Rosenbergs)

Patella - PA
Patella - Lateral
Patella - Oblique (Medial Rotation)
Patella - Oblique (Lateral Rotation)

Femur - AP
Femur - Lateral

Long Leg View

Shoulder


Shoulder - AP
Shoulder - AP Axial Oblique
Shoulder - Glenohumeral (GH)
Shoulder - Neers
Shoulder - Superoinferior Axial (SI)
Shoulder - Inferosuperior (IS) Axial (Lawrence Method)
Shoulder - Inferosuperior (IS) Axial (West Point Method)
Shoulder - Transthoracic Lateral
Shoulder - Lateral (Scapular Y)

Scapula - AP
Scapula - Lateral
Scapula - Oblique

Clavicle - AP shoulder
Clavicle - AP
Clavicle - AP Axial - 30° cephalad

Acromioclavicular - (Single) AP
Acromioclavicular - (Bilateral) AP
Acromioclavicular - AP Axial
Acromioclaviculr - PA Axial Oblique
Acromioclavicular - Weightbearing




Pelvis


Pelvis - AP
Pelvis - Lateral

Anterior Pelvic Bones - AP Axial "Outlet View" (Taylor)
Anterior Pelvic Bones - Superioinferior "Inlet View" (Lilienfield)

Hip - AP
Hip - Rolled Lateral Hip
Hip - Horizontal Ray Lateral Hip
Hip - Axiolateral (Clements-Nakayama)
Hip - Axiolateral (Freidman)
Hip - Acetabulum - Judet Method

Thorax


Chest - PA Erect
Chest - Left Lateral (Erect)
Chest - AP Supine
Chest - Apical

Chest - Lordotic
Chest - Lordotic (Right Middle Lobe)
Chest - Lateral Decubitus
Chest - Dorsal Decubitus
Chest - Ventral Decubitus
Chest - Oblique

Ribs - PA (Anterior Ribs)
Ribs - AP (Posterior Upper Ribs 1-8)
Ribs - AP (Posterior Lower Ribs 9-12)
Ribs - Oblique (Axillary Ribs)

Sternum - RAO
Sternum - Lateral (Left or Right)

Sternoclavicular - PA
Sternoclavicular - Oblique
Sternoclavicular - Axiolateral (Kurzbauer)


Abdomen


Abdomen - Supine
Abdomen - Prone
Abdomen - Erect
Abdomen - Lateral Decubitus
Abdomen - Dorsal Decubitus
Abdomen - Lateral

Renal - Supine Abdomen (Inspiration)
Renal - AP Renal Area (Expiration)

Vertebral Spine


Cervical - Lateral
Cervical - Lateral (Flexion)
Cervical - Lateral (Extension)

Cervical - Oblique
Cervical - Oblique (
Lodgemoore)
Cervical - AP
Cervical - AP ("Wagging Jaw")
Cervical - AP Vertibral Arch
Cervical - Oblique Vertibral Arch
Cervical - Odontoid Peg
Cervical - Odontoid Peg (Fuch Method)

Cervical - Cervicothoracic (Swimmers) (Twining Method)
Cervical - Cervicothoracic (Swimmers) (Pawlow Method)

Thoracic - AP
Thoracic - Lateral
Thoracic - Oblique

Lumbar - PA or AP
Lumbar - Lateral
Lumbar - Lateral (Flexion and Extension)
Lumbar - Lateral (Supine and Erect)
Lumbar - Oblique

Lumbar - L5/S1 AP or PA
Lumbar - L5/S1 Lateral

Sacrum - AP
Sacrum - Lateral
Sacroiliac Joints - AP
Sacroiliac Joints - Oblique LPO / RPO


Coccyx - AP
Coccyx - Lateral

Chiropractic Spine

Skull


Skull - AP
Skull - PA (Caldwell) 0°
Skull - PA (Caldwelll) 15°

Skull - PA (Caldwell ) 25° - 30°
Skull - PA
(Haas)
Skull - Townes
Skull - Townes (Trauma)
Skull - Lateral
Skull - Lateral Horizontal Ray (Trauma)
Skull - SMV (Submentovertex) (Basal)


Sella Turcica - AP Axial
SellaTurcica - Lateral

Temporal Bone


Temporal Bone - Stenvers View
Petromastoid - Axiolateral (Modified Law)
Petromastoid - Axiolateral Oblique (Modified Law)
Petromastoid - Axiolateral (Henschen, Schuller, Lysholm)



Facial Bones


Facial - PA (Caldwell) 15°
Facial - PA 30° (Modified Parietocanthial)
Facial - OM
Facial - OM 30°
Facial - Lateral
Facial - Slit Townes
Facial - Slit (SMV) (Basal)

Nasal - OM
Nasal - Lateral
Nasal - Tangential

Orbits

Orbit - Superior Orbital Fissures - PA 25°
Orbit - Inferior Orbital Fissures
Orbit - OM
Orbit - OM 30°
Orbit - OM Modified
Orbit - Lateral
Orbit - Optic Canal (Foramen) (Rhese Method)

Zygoma


Zygomas - Arches Slit (SMV) (Basal)
Zygomas - Arches (OM)
Zygoma - Arch (Tangential)
Zygomas - Slit Townes

Sinuses


Sinuses - PA 15° (Caldwell)
Sinuses - OM (Waters)
Sinuses - OM (Waters) Open Mouth
Sinuses - Lateral
Sinuses - Submentovertical (SMV)


Mandible


Mandible - PA (Rami)
Mandible - PA (Body)
Mandible - Lateral
Mandible - Oblique
Mandible - SMV
Mandible - (Towne method)
Mandible - Symphysis
Mandible - Orthopantomogram (OPG)


Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)


TMJ - Slit Townes (Open mouth)
TMJ - Lateral Oblique
TMJ - Orthopantomogram (OPG)


Scoliosis Series

AP
Lateral
AP ferguson
left / right bending


Sumber: disini

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